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Glaucoma is a group of diseases that affect the optic nerve of the eye and can lead to permanent vision loss due to a build-up of pressure in the eye. Glaucoma is a leading cause of vision loss and blindness. It is important to know the early signs of glaucoma so that it may be diagnosed and treated before significant vision loss has occurred. Our Doctors in Tucson recommend yearly eye exams to check for vision changes and diseases such as glaucoma.
Glaucoma affects millions of people in the U.S., but many of those are unaware they have the disease. There is currently no cure for glaucoma, but there are treatment options if it’s detected early enough. Different types of glaucoma present alternate warning signs — and sometimes there are no symptoms, particularly in open-angle glaucoma, the most common form of the disease.
However, if you experience any of the following symptoms, you should seek immediate help:
Loss of peripheral or side vision: This is usually the first sign of glaucoma.
Seeing halos around lights: If you see rainbow-colored circles around lights or are unusually sensitive to light, it could be a sign of glaucoma.
Vision loss: Especially if it happens suddenly.
Redness in the eye: Sometimes accompanied by pain, which may be a sign of injury, infection or acute glaucoma.
Eye that looks hazy: A cloudy-looking cornea is the most common early sign of childhood glaucoma.
Nausea or vomiting: Especially when it accompanies severe eye pain.
Pain in the eye and in the head: This often occurs in angle-closure glaucoma, a type of glaucoma which can develop quickly.
Tunnel vision: You may start to lose vision around the edges of your visual field.
Though most types of glaucoma cannot be prevented, early detection and ongoing monitoring of eye health can limit the vision loss caused by the disease. If you suspect that you may have glaucoma or if you are due for an eye examination, contact Eye Associates of Tucson to schedule an appointment.
Symptoms
The symptoms of glaucoma depend on the type and stage of your condition.
Open-angle glaucoma
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Normal-tension glaucoma
Glaucoma in children
Pigmentary glaucoma
When to see a doctor
If you experience symptoms that come on suddenly, you may have acute angle-closure glaucoma. Symptoms include severe headache and severe eye pain. You need treatment as soon as possible. Go to an emergency room or call an eye doctor’s (ophthalmologist’s) office immediately.
Diagnosis
Your health care provider will review your medical history and conduct a comprehensive eye examination. Your provider may perform several tests, including:
Treatment
The damage caused by glaucoma can’t be reversed. But treatment and regular checkups can help slow or prevent vision loss, especially if you catch the disease in its early stages.
Glaucoma is treated by lowering intraocular pressure. Treatment options include prescription eye drops, oral medicines, laser treatment, surgery or a combination of approaches.
Eye drops
Glaucoma treatment often starts with prescription eye drops. Some may decrease eye pressure by improving how fluid drains from your eye. Others decrease the amount of fluid your eye makes. Depending on how low your eye pressure needs to be, you may be prescribed more than one eye drop.
Prescription eye drop medicines include:
Possible side effects include mild reddening and stinging of the eyes, darkening of the iris, darkening of the pigment of the eyelashes or eyelid skin, and blurred vision. This class of drug is prescribed for once-a-day use.
Possible side effects include difficulty breathing, slowed heart rate, lower blood pressure, impotence and fatigue. This class of drug can be prescribed for once- or twice-daily use depending on your condition.
Possible side effects include irregular heart rate, high blood pressure, fatigue, red, itchy or swollen eyes, and dry mouth. This class of drug is usually prescribed for twice-daily use but sometimes can be prescribed for use three times a day.
Because some of the eye drop medicine is absorbed into your bloodstream, you may experience some side effects unrelated to your eyes. To minimize this absorption, close your eyes for 1 to 2 minutes after putting the drops in. You also may press lightly at the corner of your eyes near your nose to close the tear duct for 1 or 2 minutes. Wipe off any unused drops from your eyelid.
You may have been prescribed multiple eye drops or need to use artificial tears. Make sure you wait at least five minutes in between using different drops.
Oral medications
Eye drops alone may not bring your eye pressure down to the desired level. So your eye doctor may also prescribe oral medicine. This medicine is usually a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Possible side effects include frequent urination, tingling in the fingers and toes, depression, stomach upset, and kidney stones.
Surgery and other therapies
Other treatment options include laser therapy and surgery. The following techniques may help to drain fluid within the eye and lower eye pressure:
After your procedure, you’ll need to see your eye doctor for follow-up exams. And you may eventually need to undergo additional procedures if your eye pressure begins to rise or other changes occur in your eye.
Acute angle-closure glaucoma is a medical emergency. If you’re diagnosed with this condition, you’ll need urgent treatment to reduce the pressure in your eye. This generally will require treatment with medicine and laser or surgical procedures.
You may have a procedure called a laser peripheral iridotomy. The doctor creates a small hole in your iris using a laser. This allows fluid to flow through the iris. This helps to open the drainage angle of the eye and relieves eye pressure.
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High Quality Service
best ophthalmologist , experience more than 20 years
Retinal detachment happens when your retina (a light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of your
eye) is pulled away from its normal position. Retinal detachment is a medical emergency, and
early treatment is important to protect your vision.
Learn more about retinal detachment
If you have a retinal detachment, you may need surgery to reattach your retina to the back of
your eye within a few days. After surgery, you may need to stay in the hospital for a short time
and it might take a few weeks before your vision starts getting better.
There are 3 types of surgery that doctors can do to fix a detached retina:
Pneumatic retinopexy (“noo-mat-ick RET-ih-no-pek-see”)
Scleral buckle
Vitrectomy
The type of surgery you need will depend on several things, including how much of your retina
is detached and where in your eye it detached. Your doctor will talk to you about what type they
recommend, and about the risks and benefits of surgery. Some people may need more than one
type of surgery at once.
During the surgery, your doctor may also use laser or freeze treatments to repair tears or holes in
your retina and help hold your retina in place after surgery.
Learn more about laser surgery and freeze treatment
In pneumatic retinopexy, your doctor will inject a small air bubble into your eye. The bubble will
push your retina back into place so your doctor can use a laser or freeze treatment to repair any
holes or tears. You can usually get this surgery in your doctor’s office.
When you get this surgery, your doctor will:
Put numbing medicine in your eye
Insert a tiny needle into your eye and remove a small amount of fluid
Inject a small amount of air into your eye
Use laser or freeze treatment to repair any holes or tears in your retina
You’ll be able to see the air bubble in your peripheral (side) vision after the surgery. The bubble
will disappear on its own over time.
After the surgery, you’ll need to:
Hold your head in a certain position for several days to keep the air bubble in the right spot
Avoid some activities — like flying in an airplane, intense exercise, and heavy lifting — while
your eye heals
Have a follow-up visit with your doctor to make sure your eye is healing
Tell your doctor if you have any questions or concerns after surgery, including if your vision
seems worse or if you have a lot of pain or swelling.
During scleral buckle surgery, your doctor will put a tiny, flexible band around the white part of your eye. This part of the eye is called the sclera.
The band pushes gently on the sides of your eye and moves them inward toward your retina,
which helps your retina reattach. The band will stay on your eye permanently after the surgery.
Your doctor may also use a laser or freeze treatment to repair any tears in your retina.
Usually, you’ll get anesthesia so you’ll be asleep during this surgery. You won’t feel anything or
remember the surgery. Most people can go home the same day, but you’ll need someone to drive you home. After the surgery, your eye may feel a little sore. You’ll need to:
Wear a patch over your eye for about a day
Avoid some activities — like heavy lifting or heavy exercise — while your eye heals
Have a follow-up visit with your doctor to make sure your eye is healing
Tell your doctor if you have any questions or concerns after surgery, including if your vision
seems worse or if you have a lot of pain or swelling.
What is vitrectomy?
Vitrectomy is similar to pneumatic retinopexy, but it’s a longer surgery and usually happens in a
hospital instead of your doctor’s office.
Cornea Transplant Surgery:
The cornea is the clear layer on the front of your eye that
helps focus light so you can see clearly. If it gets damaged,
you might need to have it replaced.
The surgeon will remove all or part of your cornea and
replace it with a healthy layer of tissue. The new cornea
comes from people who chose to donate this tissue when
they died.
A cornea transplant, also called keratoplasty, can bring
back vision, lessen pain, and possible improve the
appearance of your cornea if it is white and scarred.
Who Needs One?
The light rays that pass through a damaged cornea can get
distorted and change your vision.
A corneal transplant corrects several eye problems,
including:
Cornea scarring because of an injury or an infection
Corneal ulcers or “sores” from an infection
A medical condition that makes your cornea bulge out
(keratoconus)
Thinning, clouding, or swelling of the cornea
Inherited eye diseases, such as Fuchs’ dystrophy and
others
Problems caused by an earlier eye operation
Full Thickness Corneal Transplant
If the doctor does a penetrating keratoplasty (PK), all the layers of your cornea get replaced. The surgeon sews the
new cornea onto your eye with stitches thinner than hair. You might need this procedure if you have a severe corneainjury or bad bulging and scarring. It has the longest healing time. Partial Thickness Corneal Transplant
During deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), the surgeon injects air to lift off and separate the thin outside
and thick middle layers of your cornea, then removes and replaces only those.
People with keratoconus or a corneal scar that hasn’t affected the inner layers may have this done.
The healing time with this procedure is shorter than a full thickness transplant. Because your eye itself isn’t opened up, it’s unlikely the lens and iris could be damaged, and there’s less chance of an infection inside your eye. Endothelial Keratoplasty About half of the people who need cornea transplants each year have a problem with the
innermost layer of the cornea, the endothelium. Doctors often do this type of surgery to help Fuchs’ dystrophy and other medical conditions.
Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK or DSAEK) is the most common type of endothelial keratoplasty. The surgeon removes the endothelium — a mere one cell thick — and the
Descemet membrane just above it. Then they replace them with a donated endothelium and Descemet membrane still attached to the stroma (the cornea’s thick middle layer) to help him handle the new tissue without damaging it. Another variation, Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK), transplants just the endothelium and Descemet membrane — no supporting stroma. The donor tissue is very thin and
fragile, so it’s harder to work with, but healing from this procedure is usually quicker and often, the end result vision may be slightly better.
A third option for selected people with Fuch’s dystrophy is simple removal of the central part of
the inner membrane without a transplant, if the surrounding cornea seems healthy enough to
provide cells to fill in the removed area.
These surgeries are good options for people with cornea damage only in the inner layer because
recovery is easier.
What’s the Surgery Like?
Before your operation, your doctor will probably do an exam and some lab tests to check that
you’re in good general health. You may have to stop taking certain medicines, such as aspirin, a
couple of weeks before the procedure.
Usually, you’ll have to use antibiotic drops in your eye the day before your transplant to help prevent an infection.
Most of the time, these surgeries are done as outpatient procedures under local anesthesia. This
means you’ll be awake but woozy, the area is numb, and you’ll be able to go home the same day.
Your doctor will do the entire surgery while looking through a microscope. It typically takes 3 minutes to an hour. Recovery
Afterward, you’ll probably wear an eye patch for at least a day, maybe 4, until the top layer of
your cornea heals. Your eye will most likely be red and sensitive to light. It might hurt or feel
sore for a few days, but some people don’t feel any discomfort.
Your doctor will prescribe eye drops to bring down inflammation and lower the chances of infection.
They may prescribe other medicines to help with pain. They’ll want to check your eye the day after surgery,
several times during the following couple of weeks, and then a few more times during the first year.
For transplant procedures such as DSEK and DMEK that use a gas bubble inside the eye to help position the
transplanted tissue, the surgeon may ask you to lie flat sometimes during the day and sleep flat on your back at night for a few days.
You’ll have to protect your eye from injury after your
surgery. Follow your doctor’s instructions carefully.
Your cornea doesn’t get any blood, so it heals slowly. If
you needed stitches, your doctor will take them out at the
office a few months later.
Why Us?
Scatter laser surgery (sometimes called panretinal photocoagulation) can help treat advanced cases of diabetic retinopathy. Your doctor will use lasers to shrink blood vessels in your eye that are causing vision problems.
Eye injections are one of the most common treatments for people who have vision complications related to diabetes, such as diabetic macular edema (DME) and advanced cases of diabetic retinopathy.
Corneal cross-linking is a minimally invasive outpatient procedure designed to treat progressive keratoconus (and, sometimes, other conditions that cause a similar weakening of the cornea). It strengthens and stabilizes the cornea by creating new links between collagen fibers within the cornea.
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A cornea transplant (keratoplasty) can restore vision, reduce pain, and improve the appearance of a damaged or diseased cornea. It is a surgical procedure to replace part of your cornea with corneal tissue from a donor.