The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of the neck. It plays a vital role in regulating key bodily functions such as: – Heart rate – Body temperature – Weight – Blood pressure – Digestion and energy levels It produces essential hormones that control metabolism, brain development, and bone health.
What Is Hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones to meet the body’s needs. This slows down many of the body’s processes.
What Causes Hypothyroidism?
There are several causes of an underactive thyroid, including:
-Autoimmune diseases, such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. – Previous thyroid treatments (surgery or radiation). – Iodine deficiency in the diet. – Pituitary gland disorders. – Congenital hypothyroidism (present at birth). – Certain medications that affect thyroid function.
Who Is Most at Risk?
Women, especially over age 40. People with a family history of thyroid disorders. Those with autoimmune diseases (e.g., type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis). Individuals over 60 years old. Women who are pregnant or postpartum.
What Are the Symptoms of Hypothyroidism?
Symptoms vary but may include:
Constant fatigue and low energy.
Unexplained weight gain.
Depression or mood swings.
Slow heart rate.
Constipation and dry skin.
Irregular or heavy periods.
Thinning hair.
Cold intolerance, even in warm weather.
Infertility issues.
What Are the Possible Complications?
If left untreated, hypothyroidism can lead to:
– Goiter (thyroid enlargement). – Heart problems. – Myxedema – a rare, life-threatening condition. – Pregnancy-related complications like preeclampsia, miscarriage, or low birth weight and birth defects.
How Is Hypothyroidism Diagnosed?
Diagnosis includes:
– Medical and family history – Physical exam. – Blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels (TSH and T4). Routine screening is recommended for people at risk, especially pregnant women or those planning pregnancy.
How Is Hypothyroidism Treated?
Treatment involves daily use of a synthetic thyroid hormone (like levothyroxine). The dose is adjusted based on regular blood tests to maintain balanced hormone levels. Important notes:
– Take the medication consistently every day. – Never stop or change the dose without your doctor’s advice. – Periodic monitoring is essential.
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